Peter-and-Paul Fortress
 Peter-and-Paul Fortress: is historical core of St.Petersburg. It was laid by the order and to the plot-plan of Peter the Great on May 16 (27) 1703 on Zayachiy Island that is linked with Petrogradskiy Island by Ioanovsky and Kronverkskiy bridges.
In 1706-40 the walls of fortress that face the Neva River were lined with granite blocks. For defense of the northern approaches to the Peter and Paul Fortress the Kronverk fortifications were constructed on the southern bank of the Petrogradskiy Island. A canal was dug in the territory of the fortress to bring construction materials and supply the garrison with water. It was filled up with ground in 1882. The parade Petrovskiy gate is located in the Eastern Wall of the fortress. Vasilievskie gate are in the Western Wall, Kronverk and Nicholskie gates are in the Northern Wall, and Nevskie gate (leading to the jetty) are in the Southern Wall.
Ioannovskiy Ravelin was constructed in 1731-40 outside the fortress in the eastern side, while 1733-40 Alexeyevskiy Ravelin was built on the western side.
The new Peter and Paul Cathedral of stone appeared in 1712-33 in place of the old wooden church of St. Peter and St. Paul. The cathedral became burial-vault of Russian Emperors.
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